BABY 9 - 12 MONTH OLD

YOUR INTENT 9-MONTH-OLD

Your baby now loves to play games. He'd rather not go to sleep. And he loves to practice "walking" while holding on to a steady yet movable object (like a laundry basket)! Your 9-month-old is starting to have "a mind of his own." Isn't it wonderful to see your child seeking some independence?

Milestones this month

• Your baby now can pull himself up to a standing position from sitting down.


• He can stand while holding on to someone or something.


• Baby uses the "pincer grasp," holding tiny objects between his thumb and forefinger.


• He can walk while holding onto furniture.


• Baby drinks from a cup.
  
• He can stand alone for a few seconds or perhaps longer.


• Baby says "mama" or "dada."


• He understands the meaning of "no."


• Baby responds to simple commands (such as "Give Mommy the toy").

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 9-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

• Skip that morning nap? Your baby's newfound independence may lead him to try to overthrow your sleep rules -- at nap time and at bedtime. At 9 months, he may start to wean himself from a morning nap.


• Be supportive, unless he just can't make it to lunchtime without being fussy and overtired. Bedtime rituals Don't be surprised if your usually complacent baby starts refusing to go to bed. To keep the house calm at night, try these tips:
  Establish bedtime rituals that relax your baby. Give him a warm bath, read him a book, listen to soothing music, or rock him in a chair and cuddle.


• Don't rock him to sleep. Wait until he's very relaxed and drowsy but still awake before you put him in the crib. You want him to learn to fall asleep by himself.


• Once the baby is in his crib, leave the room. Even with his eyes closed, he'll sense your presence, and that will alert and distract him.


• Encourage your baby to become attached to a particular doll, stuffed animal, or blanket. Make sure it's with him when he goes to bed.
  

Eventually, sleep will come easily again. And it should, for all the miles your baby's now putting on during the day.

Playtime
Though it may be a bit too soon to break out the board games, your baby is more than ready to play lots of fun games with you. And while keeping him entertained is important, so are the social, language, and coordination skills he'll learn from these games. Here are some fun examples of activities you can share:

• Peekaboo: Cover your face with a blanket or your hands, or hide behind something. Call out "Where's Mommy?" and then uncover your face and say "peekaboo!" You're guaranteed plenty of giggles -- and lots of requests for encores.
• So big: Ask your baby how big he is, then indicate it by spreading your arms (and his) wide and reciting, "So-o-o-o big!"
• One, two, buckle my shoe: This is a great opportunity to begin counting with your child, either with his fingers or while climbing stairs. "One, two, buckle my shoe. Three, four, shut the door. Five, six, pick up sticks. Seven, eight, lay them straight. Nine, ten, start again."
  
• Face fun: It's hard to find a baby who doesn't love pointing to (and pulling on) your facial features. Turn this into a game by making funny noises for each feature; remember to repeat the feature's name each time ("This is Daddy's nose") so you'll reinforce the labels and language.
  
  

YOUR ACTIVE 10-MONTH-OLD



About this time, your little one -- who not so long ago was content to lie on the floor and watch the world go by -- is crawling everywhere, standing by herself, and possibly trying to take her first solo steps. There's no stopping her now! Grab the camcorder before she's out of sight!


Milestones this month

• She can walk while holding onto furniture.


• Baby can stand alone, possibly for a few minutes.


• She drinks from a cup.


• Baby plays pat-a-cake or waves good-bye.


• She understands the meaning of "no."


• Baby says "mama" or "dada."


• She expresses herself with gestures and sounds instead of cries.


• Baby can roll a ball to you.


• She uses gibberish in a conversational way.

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 10-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Fancy footworkShoeless is cool You may wonder what's the appropriate footwear for your newly mobile baby. Most doctors recommend nothing. Your baby's feet develop best when they're bare; this helps build arches and strengthen ankles. But if you're looking for protection while you're outdoors, choose low-cut baby shoes with flexible soles, flexible uppers, flat nonskid bottoms and a roomy fit.

• Stepping up
  Your active 10-month-old probably also has discovered stairs -- and how to climb them. Most likely, baby knows how to go up but not how to come down. Encourage her to crawl up the stairs, but make sure you're planted close behind her. Do the same as she maneuvers her way back down; help baby put her knees and feet in the proper positions for the trip back down. Never leave your child unattended on or near stairs; those tumbles can result in serious injury.



• Exercise cautiously
  As your baby grows stronger and more active, it may be tempting to introduce her to some of the exercise opportunities outside your home. Before you engage in any "baby workouts," though, there are some things to consider:

• Infant swimming Use these classes to help your child become comfortable in the water; your baby isn't quite ready to learn the breaststroke!


• Baby exercise classes or videotapes Look for fun activities that provide socialization, not competition. Avoid those that promote passive motion (where you move your baby's limbs), stretching or any techniques that are aimed at improving strength, conditioning or coordination. These exercises could cause serious injuries to an infant's still-developing bones and joints.


• Jogging Although running with your baby in a backpack may sound like a great bonding opportunity, keep in mind that the bouncing, jarring motions could injure her head or back. Also, you'll put her at risk if you fall or run into someone.
  Thanks for the memory Baby also may remember events. A song played on a carousel may trigger memories in your child when she hears it played later on a cassette tape. Though she may not be able to tell you in words that she recalls the song, her excited smiles and facial expressions will say it all. "Out of sight, out of mind" no longer applies. If your child has ever enjoyed unrolling the toilet tissue that sits on the other side of the cabinet door, she'll remember the pleasure every time she passes the door.
  

YOUR ACTIVE 11-MONTH-OLD

Baby talk -- it's so sweet and yet so important to a lifetime of communication for your child. Isn't it amazing how much baby's connecting with the world around him? And he needs your help more than ever to learn about the language of life.

Milestones this month

• Your baby now walks while holding onto furniture.
  
• He uses the "pincer grasp" to pick up tiny objects between his thumb and forefinger.
  
• Baby can stand alone.


• He drinks from a cup.


• Baby says "mama" and "dada."


• He says a few other one-syllable words (like "hi").


• Baby communicates his wants with gestures and words instead of cries.


• He talks in conversational gibberish.
  

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 11-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that he will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Helping your baby to master the wonderful world of words

• Talk simply, talk often Use simple, one-word labels to identify every component of your child's life.
  
• Go for a stroller ride and point to every tree, flower, or bird you pass by.
  
• Continually name all the objects in his bedroom and the toys in his closet. And use your baby's name often so he develops a real recognition for it.
  
• Listen Patiently listen as he weaves an incomprehensible tale, then respond appropriately and courteously. Try to pick out "real" words, then say them back to your child as a way of trying to understand him.
  
• Introduce concepts Point to objects and describe them as big or little, empty or full, up or down. Illustrate ideas with objects or actions whenever possible.
  
• Name colors When you label objects, identify their color.


• Name numbers When you talk about objects, identify how many there are. ("You are wearing two blue socks today.") Sing counting songs like "This Old Man."
  
• Don't always put words in your baby's mouth Instead of saying "I'll bet you'd like a snack," ask "Would you like a cracker or a piece of cheese?" This allows him to answer, either verbally or with hand gestures. Repeat his response: "You chose a cracker -- here you are."
  
• Share the world of books with your baby Reading to your baby is among the most precious gifts you can give him. Make it a part of your daily routine; snuggling up with a few age-appropriate stories before nap time or bedtime will help both of you relax as it strengthens your bond and shows baby the wonder of words. \
• 
  My, how you've grown!
  As impossible as it must seem, your baby has experienced almost an entire year of life. So many changes have sprung up at every turn, all leading you to even more fun and fulfillment. Only yesterday, baby just fit into the crook of your arm; today, he may be walking (which, of course, means that running is imminent).

Monitoring your baby's growth provides a constant in a world of change. As you record his monthly height and weight, you'll gain comfort in knowing that your little one is on a strong and healthy course.

During the eleventh month, it's common to notice a slight slowing in his growth. If your baby was larger than average at birth, he's probably now moving closer to his more genetically predisposed size. If you and your partner are short, it's only a matter of time before your baby drops down from the 90th percentile in height.

Most doctors are less concerned about graphs than they are about your baby's overall health. If he's eating, sleeping and maturing at a normal rate, the numbers on a chart don't mean quite as much
On the go baby
Because your baby is more mobile, you may be more inclined to include him in outdoor family activities.
Bicycling Make sure baby sits in a bicycle seat that has a safety belt. The seat should attach over the rear wheel and have spoke guards. It should have a high back and some support for his head. Bicycle helmets are available in infant sizes. Your baby always should wear a helmet, as should every member of your family.
Strolling Make sure your baby is safely secured in the stroller with both a seat belt and a strap between his legs. The stroller should have a brake to lock the wheels so it won't roll off unattended. Look for a stroller with a wide base and a basket that hangs at a low level to prevent tipping.
Shopping The same precautions apply whenever your baby is seated in a grocery cart. Use either the attached safety belt or a baby carrier designed specifically for shopping carts.

YOUR ACTIVE 12-Month OLD

How your toddler's growingAround now, your toddler's play will probably start shifting from mastering fine motor skills (he's got that thumb-and-forefinger grasp down pat) to exercising larger muscles. Some children this age have an attention span of two to five minutes for quiet activities — although your child's favorite games may not be all that quiet.

Your child probably thinks it's fun to push, throw, and knock everything down. He'll give you a toy as well as take one, and he likes games in which he can put things in containers and dump them out again. This works well with blocks in buckets or boxes and with small plastic containers, which he can nest inside one another. He'll thrill to the loud sounds of pots and pans banging together, too.

Your life: Helpful shortcut

Here are a handful of parent-tested ideas to make life easier:

• Create your own ready-to-go meals and snacks. Fill a set of plastic bowls (with lids) or plastic snack bags with individual servings of your child's favorite finger foods so you'll have them at the ready when you need them for meals and outings.
• Equip your car. Keep a supply of nonperishable drinks and snacks, diapers, and other necessities in your car so you don't have to spend time gathering things when you want to leave the house. Some moms keep a second diaper bag in the car for this purpose.
• Go high tech. Pay bills, do your banking, and even shop for groceries online.
• Soak before you wash. Fill your sink or a bucket with soapy water and place dirty dishes, bottles, and other cooking and eating items in there. When you get around to them, they'll be much easier to clean.
• Invest in housekeeping supplies. Consider splurging on cleaning and laundry supplies that may cost more but will save you time or energy. Keep organized and clutter-free by using a good system of shelves, baskets, and other containers.Check out the full list of 50 great time-saving tips!

3 questions about: The 1-year checkup

• What can I expect at my child's 1-year checkup?Expect the doctor to weigh and measure your child, check his eyesight and hearing, give him a head-to-toe, front-to-back physical exam, and vaccinate him. She'll also ask you questions about your child's overall health and nutrition and his physical and cognitive development, and give you some feedback based on your answers and her observations. She may also check your child's hemoglobin level (to look for anemia) and lead level (if there's a risk of environmental lead exposure), if these haven't been checked already.
• How can I prepare?Decide ahead of time whether you want your toddler to get the varicella vaccine (to prevent chicken pox) and the hepatitis A vaccine, both of which are optional but recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics . Be ready to answer questions about your child's sleeping, eating, teething, motor skills, communication skills, social skills, vision, and hearing. It also helps to bring a list of any questions you'd like to ask the doctor — and your child's immunization record if you have one, so that it can be updated.
• What questions should I ask?Consider asking about whether you should give your child vitamins or supplements and about treating health problems that may come up (like colds or injuries). Ask about any worries you may have about your toddler's health, development, or behavior, and about how to stimulate his development. Finally, ask about what you can expect in the coming months
  

BABY 5 - 8 MONTH OLD

YOUR ROCKIN' AND ROLLIN' 5-MONTH-OLD

This month, your baby will be much more active as he begins to push-up and rock-and-roll around on his own. All that wiggling around even may help baby move forward or backward. One of your baby's favorite playthings this month may be his toes. He'll delight in reaching out and grabbing them to put in his mouth. While lying on his stomach, your baby will learn that he can crane his neck to see what's going on around him. There's a lot happening in the world, and he wants to see it all!

Milestones this month

• Your baby is able to reach accurately for an object.


• He can hold his head steady when sitting upright.


• Baby can raise his chest with arm support while lying on his stomach.


• He can roll over in one direction.


• Baby can grasp a rattle.
  
• He pays attention to very small objects.


• Baby squeals with delight.


• He spontaneously smiles.


• Baby mimics sounds and gestures.


• He turns towards the source of a sound or voice.


• Baby gets attention by babbling.


• He makes different sounds for different needs.
  

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 5-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that he will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with his doctor.

Coordination cues

Your baby's ability to reach out accurately is a signal that his coordination is more keen. He now can transfer a toy or object from hand to hand. To reinforce this new talent while you change his clothes, encourage baby to transfer a favorite toy from one hand to the other as you put each arm in a shirtsleeve. With his increased control and dexterity also comes the ability–and inclination–to bring toys and other objects to his mouth.

Your baby also is gaining a new understanding of how to grasp and hold objects. The way baby shapes his hand to grasp a round object will be different than the way he grasps a flat object like a page. Baby also will begin to use his hands more often to push away things he doesn't want, like that dropper full of medicine.

Strength training

Your baby's strength is increasing, too. He's now strong enough to roll over from his stomach onto his back, push himself up so part of his chest and stomach are off the floor, and rock himself on his stomach. Leg strength is growing as well. With you there to balance him, your baby is able to stand and support his own weight for short periods of time.

Sounds are golden
This month, your baby will stay alert for longer periods of time, which means he'll need more attention from mom and dad than he did in months past. Keep these thoughts in mind as your family life begins to become more routine:

• Your baby is becoming a better communicator. He may begin to mimic and express his own range of sounds based on his needs. You'll soon be able to tell whether or not these vocal gestures mean he's happy. If your baby wants attention, he'll babble away to get it. If you laugh every time he makes a cute little coo or sound, your 5-month-old will learn to repeat it to get your reaction.


• Your baby also is learning to locate the source of your voice. Talk to him from across the room and he'll turn his head toward you. He'll begin to watch your mouth when you talk, and increasingly he'll be able to tell where your voice is coming from.


• Your baby's new ability to distinguish and mimic different sounds and gestures are examples of his new vocal coordination and control. Vocal play can be an entertaining activity this month while you encourage and reinforce these new skills.

YOUR SOCIAL 6-MONTH-OLD

These days, your baby revels in her social-butterfly status. So take advantage of it. Expose baby to a variety of people during social outings; teach her to say "hi" and wave good-bye. While you're out and about, your baby will recognize her own name if it's called, and she'll turn to whoever calls it. When she wants to be picked up, baby will use not only her voice, but gestures like raised arms–and from a proud sitting position, no less. When you do pick baby up, be prepared for squeals of delight.

Milestones this month

• Your baby now can sit on her own.
  
• She rocks and pivots while lying on her stomach.


• Baby can roll from her back onto her stomach–and back again.
  
• She digs her fingers and toes into the floor to push herself toward a favorite toy.
  
• Baby can eat a cracker.


• She can pick up a cereal ring or other small object.


• Baby has more than doubled her birth weight.


• She can say vowel-consonant combinations.


• Baby expresses unhappiness when an object or toy is taken away.


• She can pass objects from one hand to another.


• Baby looks for dropped toys.
  
• She has discovered herself in the mirror, and loves having conversations with this new little friend.

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 6-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Sit up and take notice This is the month most likely to see your baby sit on her own and gain a whole new perspective on the world around her. Once the teetering ends, baby will be able to reach for toys and play with them with perfect balance. If you're concerned that your baby isn't sitting up yet, keep in mind that some babies are closer to 9 months old before they master this skill. "Practice sessions" for sitting are helpful: Sitting on the floor, prop your baby up in the v-shape of your extended legs to help her get accustomed to this new position. And if your baby is still a bit on the chubby side, remember that it may be more difficult for her to keep her balance right now.

High energy Aside from the temporary annoyances of teething, this phase of your baby's life is filled with boundless energy. Baby becomes a virtual wiggle worm when you attempt to feed or diaper her. Squirming and arching her back as you hold her are baby's ways of saying, "Put me down–I've got work to do!" Baby's also honing her fine motor skills, and water play can provide great training. If you include toy pitchers, buckets, and watering cans in her bath, you're sure to elicit both giggles and improved coordination. Any of the various commercially available activity boards also will help baby master several small motor skills. Many of these boards can be safely attached to the side of a crib, letting your baby entertain herself–and learn–before and after sleep time.

Chitchat is good!
As your baby's happy talk becomes more precise, there are many ways you can help her develop her language skills

• Always speak slowly and clearly when you talk to baby.


• Use short sentences and continue to identify objects, showing baby the objects as you say their names.


• Repeat the sounds your baby makes. After a time, slightly alter the sounds and wait for her to repeat them to you.


• Focus on repetition. Singing the same songs or reciting the same nursery rhymes not only entertains your baby, but the repetition will help her learn.


• Read, read, and read some more. Ask your baby simple questions about the pictures in the books you read.


• Don't talk at your baby. Give her time to respond–even if it's just in her own way.

YOUR STRONGER 7-MONTH-OLD

From day one, your baby has maintained that special spot in your heart. But by month seven, he knows it and he intends to keep it that way. Baby will push the limits in all his activities; in fact, he's already learning how far he can go. Why is it that your childcare provider considers him an angel at lunch but he throws sweet potatoes at you at dinner? It's because baby knows that your love and acceptance (if not your patience) are endless. Keep in mind that it's good for baby to start maintaining some control over his environment, but as his parent, you need to determine how far he can go.

Milestones this month

• Your baby now can bear weight on his legs when you hold him upright.


• He can sit without support.


• Baby can stand while holding onto someone or something.


• He can pull himself up to a standing position from a seated one.


• Baby walks by holding on to furniture.


• He babbles.


• Baby plays peekaboo.


• He plays patty-cake.


• Baby waves good-bye.


• He can say "mama" or "dada."
  

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 7-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Ready for action As your baby cruises through his seventh month, he's more aware of how strong he is -- and how that strength can get him where he wants to go. With strength comes your baby's desire to get moving, and he'll be crawling soon.

Caution! Some parents buy baby walkers to help their little ones travel from room to room. Many doctors discourage the use of baby walkers. Too many emergency rooms have seen babies who've fallen down staircases while in a walker; walkers also can tip over or roll onto the fingers or toes of other children at home. Some doctors also believe that too much time in a walker can slow a baby's muscle development.

• Expect plenty of testing
  Prepare yourself for the manipulation game. Your baby has learned that a mere squawk from his mouth will send you running; the insistent lifting of his arms all but guarantees you'll sweep him off his feet. Resist the temptation. Here's how to help your baby learn to entertain himself for short periods of time:


• Devote short periods of time to him all day, or see that your child-care provider does. Sit down and read him a book, play finger games with him, or help him build a tower of blocks. Let him know you're always availableñbut just for limited amounts of time.


• Provide a change of atmosphere if baby starts to fuss. Place baby onto a blanket on the floor or move him to another room. (Just make sure he's not fussing because he's tired, hungry, or in need of a fresh diaper.) Monitor his surroundings periodically, occasionally replacing the few toys that are within his reach. Don't let piles of toys accumulate around him; they can overwhelm him.


• If his crankiness doesn't subside, go to baby and show him how to play with a particular toy or object, but don't sit down with him or pick him up. After a brief demonstration, go back to your own tasks. And don't hesitate to tell himñin a calm, pleasant voiceñthat you need to do your work, too. Keep chatting or singing to him as you busy yourself within his earshot; return to him if he threatens to erupt but before he actually starts to scream. (You don't want him to think that this is the ultimate way to bring you back to your senses.)
  

Changing eye color Sometime between 6 and 7 months, your baby's eyes may change color. Until now, they've appeared blue. The amount of pigment in the eye's iris determines the permanent color, a pigment which may not be fully developed until your baby is closer to a year old. Blue eyes still could turn brown, but brown eyes won't become blue.

YOUR CRAWLING 8-MONTH-OLD

Take time to celebrate your baby's latest milestone: Crawling. And keep in mind that crawling means different things to different babies. One may be content to continue scooting along on her tummy. Another may navigate by walking on both hands and feet, her bottom pointed toward the sky. And yet another may be able to master a route using her hands and knees.

Milestones this month

• Your baby now can crawl or scoot on her stomach.
• She can sit without support.
• Baby can "rake" a small toy toward her on the floor and pick it up.
• She can get into a sitting position from her stomach.
• Baby can pull up to a standing position from a seated one.
• She walks by holding onto furniture.
• Baby can stand alone (for at least a few seconds).
• She looks for dropped objects.
• Baby shows unhappiness when you take something away.
• She plays peekaboo.
• Baby can say, "mama" or "dada."
• She plays patty-cake and waves good-bye.
• Baby understands the meaning of "no."

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 8-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Where the action is

Your baby's new mobility means that it's time to further baby proof your home. Your baby will display an uncanny knack for finding any small item left lying on the furniture or floors -- and for putting it immediately in her mouth. Likewise, dropping her favorite items, picking them up, and putting them back in her mouth will be a favorite pastime. Remove any pacifier, bottle, toy, or food item that's been dropped before it finds its way back into your baby's open mouth.

A change in temperament Just a few months ago, your baby was a social butterfly. But these days you may notice a change in her happy-go-lucky disposition, and ask yourself:

• Why is she so afraid of everything?
• Why do her surroundings seem to intimidate her?
• Why does she sometimes howl in terror at the sight of even close family friends and caregivers?

Helping your baby find comfort in new surroundings

• Hug and talk softly. Don't push your baby into situations with others if she's afraid. As you approach others, give baby little hugs and quietly tell her who's ahead. Alert the others to her anxieties, and ask them to move slowly. Suggest they talk to baby quietly and smile often, rather than pick her up or hug her. Remember -- even the sudden movements or loud laughter of others can panic her.
• Accept separation anxiety, and move on. Your baby wants to be with you, so she may fall apart when you leave the room. Sometimes your baby even may lose control when her dad is left in charge. The good news is that most times, once you leave the room, your baby is just fine with another familiar face. If her separation anxiety is serious, you may have to limit your time away from your baby until she passes through this phase.
• Let her find security. Now that your baby knows she's her own person and not a part of you, she may find that scary. She may attach herself to something else that brings her comfort -- a blanket, a pillow, a pacifier, or a doll -- something that doesn't walk away from her. Don't make an issue of it, but limit its use to the home or bedtime. And keep it clean, even if you have to throw it in the washer while your child is asleep. Don't allow her security object to be a bottle of milk or juice -- sucking on these liquids for long periods of time, especially during the night, can cause tooth decay.
  

BABY 1 - 4 MONTH OLD

YOUR AMAZING ONE-MONTH-OLD

As small and fragile as your baby may seem, rest assured that your gentle loving caresses will provide for his most basic needs: to be loved and comforted by you.

Milestones this month

• Your baby can lift his head slightly for a few seconds when lying on his stomach.
• He focuses his eyes on your face.
  With his eyes, he'll follow an object moved about six inches above his face.

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 1-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that he will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with his doctor.

Your newborn's natural reflexes
After nine months in the womb, your baby will be equipped to say hello to the world with these universal reflexes:

• Grasp: His little hand will grip your finger when you stroke his palm.
  Startle: When he's startled by a loud noise or a quick movement, your baby will thrust out his arms and legs, then draw them back and cry.
• Rooting: When you rub the corner of your baby's mouth, he'll immediately turn toward your finger. This rooting instinct is what helps him to latch onto your nipple for feeding.
  Sucking: Your baby is ready and willing to suck for feeding; sucking also comforts him.
• Tonic neck: Lie your newborn on his side, and watch how he extends his arm and leg on the side he's lying on, and flexes the arm and leg on the opposite side.
• Walking: Although he's far from ready for the real thing, if you support your baby upright in a standing position, you'll see him naturally try to step out.

Your baby's developing senses At 1 month, your baby will be experiencing a symphony of the senses. What he hears and sees can make him quiet, agitated, satisfied or blissful -- sometimes all four emotions in the same breath!

• Seeing: Your baby's vision tends to be nearsighted: he's able to focus best on objects eight to 15 inches away. Bold shapes and bold black-and-white patterns attract his attention. Place a mobile over his crib so your baby can follow its movements. He's already turning his head and eyes to look at you. And your baby also is trying out his mime talents by imitating your facial expressions.
• Hearing: Your baby knows your voice well, and he responds to it by growing quieter or more excited. Speak to your baby or sing to him as you feed, diaper, rock, and bathe him. Your words will be his first tools of communication. From you your newborn will learn to speak and to listen. You'll also discover that babies like the sound of music; play soft lullaby tapes throughout the day and at bedtime to help him relax.
• Touching: Your tiny one responds to your touch. Take advantage of the opportunities to be close-feeding, cuddling or just rocking. Respond to your baby's cries; this will help him learn very early that you're there to comfort and care for him.

Snooze news During these first weeks, your little one will sleep -- and sleep -- and sleep. The average newborn logs 15 to 18 hours of sleep per day, often in the form of short naps. Though you're probably hoping that his longest sleep stretches will occur during the night, don't count on it, at least not for awhile. One way to move closer to that goal is to wake him if he sleeps for more than three to four hours at a time during the day.

Dinner! Already, your baby anticipates mealtime. If you're breastfeeding, plan to nurse him every two to three hours. You'll know he's getting enough to eat if he seems satisfied following the feeding, if he continues to have wet diapers and stays within a normal growth curve. If your baby is taking formula from a bottle, plan on feeding him every three to four hours. Initially, he'll eat about two to four fluid ounces at each feeding, but gradually the amount will increase. As he begins to recognize your face, your voice and your touch, he's also building his fledgling memory bank. And before you know it, he'll express that recognition and trust with a big, beautiful smile -- incredible! Experts agree that breastmilk is best for your baby. Not only is it the most nutritionally complete food your newborn will ever eat, but it also benefits your baby in other ways. Even if you plan to bottle-feed formula to your baby, consider breastfeeding these first few days so your baby can benefit from this nutritious natural food.

YOUR COOING TWO-MONTH-OLD


Your 2-month-old is now starting to pay more attention to her world. Most of all, baby loves the sound of your voice and follows it around the room with real concentration. Your different tones of voice fascinate her; she'll respond to your high-pitched, singsong tone just as readily as to your calm, soothing voice. Better yet, baby's already talking back with a variety of sweetly-pitched coos. But when baby isn't calm and cooing, she might be fussy. Ah, the mixed blessings of a 2-month-old!



Milestones this month*

• Your baby can follow an object as it's passed over her face, looking in an arc about six inches from her face.
• She steadily holds up her head.
• Baby rolls over in one direction.
• She can raise her chest using her arms for support while lying on her stomach.
• Baby smiles when you smile at her.
• She responds to loud sounds by becoming completely silent, crying, or acting startled.
• Baby coos.
• She focuses on very small objects, like raisins.
• Baby may laugh out loud. She may even squeal.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 2-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor. Four ways you can help sharpen your baby's senses

Your baby may coo even more when you stimulate her senses by doing the following:

• Add color Hang a brightly colored mobile over baby's bed.
• Play music Introduce more upbeat, bouncy music during playtime. If baby grows anxious, end the music and soothe her in a calm voice.
• Pay attention Watch your baby to see what attracts her and what frightens her.
• Try different tones of voice and songs.
• Cuddle Don't worry about "teaching" her a thing or measuring her every millimeter of growth. All she really needs now is your loving attention.

Four reasons why your baby may be fussy

• Colic Affecting 10 to 20 percent of babies, colic causes babies to have periods of intense crying -- which can occur several times per week and last for several hours. You'll know it when you hear it: Colic elicits sharp cries and screams that aren't relieved by a dry diaper or another bottle. Colic often shows up more frequently during the late afternoon and evening.
• Constipation Your baby's bowel movements should be soft; if they're hard and dry and resemble little pebbles and are infrequent, your baby may be constipated. Ask your doctor if small feedings of water can help soften the stools.
• Intestinal gas One good way to avoid intestinal gas in formula-fed babies is to fill the bottle with one fluid ounce of formula more than you'll feed your baby. That way, she won't end up sucking on an empty bottle and allowing air to enter her intestines. Also, keep the bottle tilted at a 45-degree angle to reduce air.
• Formula intolerance Your fussy baby may be having difficulty tolerating her formula. Babies are born with immature digestive systems that continue to develop and mature during the first 4 to 6 months of life. If she exhibits any unusual behavior after feeding (such as crying or fussiness), speak with your doctor. If you do decide to switch formulas, do so gradually.

YOUR SMILING THREE-MONTH-OLD

All the world loves babies -- especially when they smile. This is a magical time in your baby's life and your own, so enjoy every moment of it!

Milestones this month

• Your baby can bring his hands together.
• With a mighty effort, baby can raise his chest, supported by his arms, when he lies on his stomach.
• Baby can roll over (one way).
• He reaches for objects.
• Baby can put some weight on his legs when you hold him upright.
• He makes sounds like "ah goo."
• Baby laughs out loud.
• He squeals when he's happy.
• Baby smiles spontaneously.
• He can focus on very small objects.
• Baby turns toward the sound of a familiar voice.

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 3-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that he will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development discuss them with his doctor.

Finally: a little predictability! Because your baby's nervous system is maturing as well, his internal clock is becoming better regulated. More-established patterns are surfacing; the baby's eating and sleeping habits now are more likely to fit into a routine. You'll also notice less crying. How nice!

When baby cries One of the toughest decisions you may face will be about crying. Most experts recommend soothing those cries as soon as possible–at least during your baby's first few months. It's virtually impossible to spoil your new infant–hold and snuggle him continually. Coo with baby, too! As you watch baby grow and see how capable he is of entertaining himself, remember baby can use those same skills to calm himself when a crying spell occurs. If baby isn't able to calm himself, use toys, books, or music to comfort him rather than picking him up. Or direct his attention to his crib's mirror; it may distract him enough to calm him down.

Get ready to welcome a caregiver By now, your baby is getting ready to meet the world head-on. And you may feel a bit more comfortable about leaving him with a familiar caregiver Helping him become accustomed to a new face and voice, even for just a short time, will help both of you become more independent.
Here are important instructions to share with your in-home caregiver:

• How to comfort and calm your baby
• Which are his favorite toys, books, and tapes
• The most effective way to burp him
• How to prepare your baby's bottle
• The fine points of his eating and sleeping schedules
• Where to find first-aid and emergency supplies
• The phone number where you can be reached as well as other emergency phone numbers
• Authorization forms that let your child receive emergency medical attention, if needed

At 3 months, the "typical" baby weighs 13 pounds and measures 24 inches. But don't worry if your baby is smaller or larger. Babies, like adults, vary in size and shape. In fact, the "average" weight for a 3-month-old can range from 9 to 16 pounds and the "average" length from 22 to 25 inches.

YOUR LAUGHING FOUR-MONTH-OLD

Welcome to the world of the 4-month-old, where every day is filled with exciting new discoveries -- and constant reminders that your baby is preparing to take on the universe. About now, your baby's laugh is likely to be the most welcome sound in your home. She's truly learning to communicate with you and others around her. What fun!

Milestones this month

• Your baby can raise herself up on straightened arms while lying on her tummy and look all around.
• She can grasp a rattle.
• Baby laughs out loud.
• She squeals with delight.
• Baby smiles spontaneously.
• She pays attention to very small objects.
• Baby experiments by making new sounds.
• She recognizes parents and siblings.

All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 4-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

What your baby is discovering

• Hands Because baby can't crawl or walk yet, your little one literally is trying to pull the world toward her. You may notice baby intently studying her hands; at some point, she'll bravely stuff them into her mouth, surprising herself with the knowledge that these fascinating appendages actually are part of her! Once your baby has mastered this skill, she'll try the tricky stuff -- grabbing one hand with the other and then pulling them apart.
• Toys New skills call for new toys. Your baby will love brightly colored, squeaky toys; soft, bumpy textures are good, too. Give your baby toys with knobs, handles, and loops -- anything that provides an easy grip. Look for safe baby toys that are one solid piece; stay away from those with small parts and ones that could fit entirely into her mouth. Crib gyms and play gyms are great at this age. Your baby can lie under them and squeeze, bat away, or kick at the brightly colored objects that hang within her reach. Mirrors and bells are popular attractions on these gyms, too. Be sure to check the toy package label for information regarding age appropriateness.
• Laughter Maybe it's a high-pitched giggle or a rumbling belly laugh, but the first few times it erupts from her mouth, your baby may surprise herself. Your positive reactions to her peals of laughter will let her know that she's truly making a joyful noise.

Oh, sweet sleep

Your baby's increased activities also may account for another major 4-month developmental step: She's starting to sleep on a schedule! Most 4-month-olds are sleeping through the night for about nine hours at a stretch. This means that her daytime sleep probably is more predictable now, too -- typically morning and afternoon naps that each last for two to three hours.

Keep in mind that your baby still may stir often during the night, make little noises or perhaps even awaken. If she's not fussing, it's best to leave her alone so she can learn to put herself back to sleep. If she can't fall back to sleep on her own, try speaking softly or patting her first. If that doesn't work, lift her out of the crib for a feeding or diaper change. Keep the lights low, and talk softly and as little as possible. Try not to turn this break into playtime; the more relaxed she is, the more likely she'll fall back to sleep soon.

Let's "chat"
Your 4-month-old is finding all sorts of ways to communicate:

• She's becoming your family's one-baby band as she tries lots of new ways to connect with you and satisfy her own curiosity. Baby's babbles, though not ready for the Top 40, may have a definite singsong quality to them. Brace yourself for a high pitch and lots of repetition.
• "Ah goo" or similar vowel-consonant combinations will make up her vocabulary, along with some carefully chosen "oohs" and "ahs." Answer her with the same tones and inflections; she'll love this chat time -- especially if you spice up your end with facial expressions and gestures. These will be her first lessons in learning the art of conversation!
• Baby's smiles will become more frequent; she may even fake a cough to get your attention. Always take the time to acknowledge these attempts at socializing. You'll know when baby especially wants to visit with you by the look in those bright, eager eyes.
• Baby also will soon learn how to let you know when she's not in the mood for parent patter. Her eyes may glaze over, she may cover her face with her arm, or she may turn her head away. Baby will begin to learn the power of the protest, too. She may cry out in anger or frustration if you test her patience, especially if you take something away from her.

NEW BORN DEVELOPMENT

By two weeks of age your baby will probably have regained most or all of the weight that he lost in his first week.

In the next few weeks you can expect your baby to look at your face, startle with loud noises, lift his head and begin to smile spontaneously. He may even begin to recognize familiar objects and sounds.

If using a pacifier, try and restrict its use to when your baby seems to need the self-comforting behavior of sucking. Avoid using it every time your baby cries (it is usually better to pick and hold your baby to comfort him when he is crying) and to be safe, use a one-piece commercial pacifier and do not hang it around your baby's neck.
Remember that all babies are unique and they have different temperaments. Many are quite and calm and have an easy temperament. Others have a difficult temperament and may be very active and or sensitive and get fussy easily (and may need more structured and less stimulating environments to stay calm). Or your baby may have a temperament that is described as being slow to warm up, being quite and shy and slow to adapt to new things and he may need to be slowly introduced to new things. Try and keep your babies temperament in mind as you react to her needs.

Sleeping
Your newborn will spend most of his time either sleeping or eating. He will probably be eating every two to four hours and sleeping between feedings. At first, wake your baby for a feeding if he is sleeping for more than four to five hours. Later, if he has good weight gain, you can let him sleep as long as he likes. He will probably not begin to sleep through the night until he is three to four months old

SINGNS OF LABOR

Here are some of the common signs of labor.

Nesting:
Many women begin to “nest” right before they go into labor. Nesting is a word used to describe preparing your baby’s nest. You may feel the need to get your house super clean or perhaps you may start cooking lots of freezer meals.Dropping or lightening: As your baby descends into your pelvis you may notice that your baby’s position has dropped. Sometimes this is obvious and other times you won’t notice this at all.

Cramping or Pelvic pressure:
You may notice menstrual like cramping or achiness or you may sense more pressure in your pelvic area. Some women describe this feeling as if their baby feels like she might “fall out.”Cervical dilation or effacement: As your body prepares to give birth your cervix will begin to thin out and dilate. Your doctor may begin doing cervical checks at the end of your pregnancy. Cervical effacement and dilation are a good indicator that labor might start soon.Mucous plug or bloody show: The mucous plug seals the entrance to your cervix. You may lose your mucous plug a little at a time or all at once. Some women lose their mucous plug weeks before labor starts. If you notice that you have lost your mucous plug or if you see mucous tinged with blood this may be a sign that labor may start soon. Blood tinged mucous is called a bloody show.

Many women have a bloody show shortly before labor begins.Contractions:
At the start of labor you may have contractions that are ten to fifteen minutes apart. As your labor progresses your contractions will become more regular and closer together. You may be advised to call your doctor once your contractions are five minutes apart; however, you will want to consult your doctor for specific instructions on when to head to the hospital.Water breaking: If your water breaks you may feel a “pop” followed by a gush of water or you may just feel a small trickle. Some women even feel like they have urinated. If you think your water has broken call your doctor right away.


Real Labor or False Labor

False labor is a word used to describe symptoms that feel like real labor but are not. It is sometimes difficult to tell the difference between real labor and false labor. Surprisingly, it is sometimes even more difficult for moms who have had a baby before to tell when they are in labor. You may have more Braxton Hicks contractions with each pregnancy and it may become difficult to tell the difference between Braxon Hicks and the real thing.
Here are some of the differences between false labor and real labor.

How far apart are your contractions?

Real labor contractions: occur at regular intervals and get progressively closer together over time.
False labor contractions: do not occur at regular intervals. For example, you might have two or three contractions that are five minutes apart then not have another one for thirty minutes, then have the next one in ten minutes, then not another for thirty minutes. False labor contractions do not get progressively closer together.How intense or painful are your contractions?
Real labor contractions: Real labor contractions may be difficult to breathe through, become stronger and more intense over time, and you may feel pelvic pressure with each contraction.
False labor contractions: Although false labor contractions may be painful, they usually do not get progressively worse. You may have a contraction or two that is painful followed by contractions that just feel like tightening of your abdomen.

Do your contractions improve with change of position or drinking fluids?Real labor contractions: If you are having real labor contractions changing positions or drinking plenty of fluids will not make them go away.False labor contractions: Dehydration can lead to false labor contractions. If you notice that you are having contractions, drink a large glass of water and see if they improve. Changing positions will also help to relieve Braxton Hicks contractions.What if you are not sure how to describe your contractions?If you are not sure if your contractions are more like Braxton Hicks contractions or real contractions it is always best to contact your doctor.

BIRTH POSITION

Why not labour in bed?
It is only usual for women to labour and give birth lying down in the affluent countries of the West. If you think about it, lying down really doesn't make much sense. If the mother is upright, gravity pushes the baby's head down onto the cervix (neck of the womb) to help the cervix dilate and then assists the baby's progress through the pelvis. And many women find that lying down, even for just a few minutes while you have an internal examination, can be very uncomfortable. Research, though limited, has shown that women who remain mobile during labour have shorter labours and fewer drugs for pain relief than those who take to their beds.
Best positions for labour


When your labour starts, you'll probably feel quite restless. You'll want to be moving around and keeping busy. Just take care that you don't get over-tired before your labour is properly underway. Make yourself have little rests, in a chair or lying down. If your contractions start at night, try to stay in bed and relax for as long as possible. As contractions get stronger, you'll need to concentrate on them, focussing on what is happening to your body and your baby, and practising your breathing and relaxation exercises. Now is the time to choose a position that you find best helps you to cope with your contractions. You could: • Lean onto a work surface or the back of a chair • Put your arms round your partner's neck or waist and lean on him/her • Lean onto the bed in the delivery room (with the height adjusted for your comfort) or a window-sill • Kneel on a large cushion or pillow on the floor and lean forwards onto the seat of a chair • Sit astride a chair, resting on a pillow placed across the top • Sit on the toilet, leaning forwards, or sit astride, leaning onto the cistern • Go onto all fours • Kneel on one leg with the other bent. Don't forget to rock your hips backwards and forwards or in a circle to help your baby through your pelvis and to comfort yourself.

Changing position
All of these are useful positions for making your contractions efficient, and helping you feel in control. If you find you want to change position as your labour progresses, you may need to ask your birth companion and/or midwife to help you. Their job is to keep you mobile and make you comfy with pillows and cushions wherever you choose to be. When you are in very strong labour, you will probably find that you don't want to move around a great deal. You'll need all your strength simply to cope with each contraction as it comes along. Don't worry: you will naturally find the position that suits you best. Just keep rocking, leaning forwards during contractions and straightening up in between. If you feel it helps you cope, ask your birth companion or midwife to massage your back with each contraction. If you get really tired and bed seems like the best place to be, lie down on your left hand side - rather than propped up on your back, which stops your pelvis being able to open effectively. Lying on your left side is much better for your baby than lying on your back because he gets more oxygen, and the contractions are still effective in this position. If you feel rested after a little while, push yourself up with your hands into a sitting position and get up again.

Positions for backache labours
If you have backache in between as well as during contractions, your baby might be in a posterior position. You'll find labour very hard to cope with unless you get the weight of the baby off your spine. To do this, take up an all-fours position with pillows under your knees and hands to keep yourself comfortable. If you find that the blood is rushing to your head, try resting your head, shoulders and forearms on a birth ball so that your head isn't hanging down. (Go to the Active Birth Centre website for more details).

Positions for pushing
Your baby will find it easier to be born if you are in an upright position because you will be able to bear down more efficiently. The combination of the muscular action of the womb, your pushing efforts and gravity is a powerful one. If the midwife prefers you to give birth on the bed, kneel on the mattress and lean against a large pile of pillows placed at the top end. Or put your arms round your partner's neck as he stands at the bedside. If your midwife is happy for you to give birth on the floor, try kneeling. When the time comes for your baby's head to be born, all fours is an excellent position. Because gravity is not so effective in this position, your baby's head is able to emerge very gently from the vagina, reducing your risk of tearing. The squatting position has also been shown to increase the outlet through the pelvis compared to lying in a supine position, so it is a good one to try if you have been pushing for a while without much progress.

What about birthing stools?
A birthing chair or stool does help you to keep upright while you're pushing. They've certainly been used for centuries in all parts of the world. Some research shows that they tend to lead to the mother losing more blood, perhaps because the pressure from the chair on her bottom and thighs makes the blood pool there. However, other experts think the apparently increased blood loss is simply due to the fact that it's easier to collect and measure the blood when the woman is sitting on a stool!.

Positions for not pushing
Just occasionally, the neck of the womb doesn't open up evenly, leaving a "lip" of cervix round your baby's head. You may feel ready to push but your midwife will ask you not to until your cervix is fully dilated. It can be incredibly difficult not to push when nature is telling you to. Try going into a knee-chest position with your face on the floor and your bottom in the air and "panting" through your contractions. It's not elegant, but it does tip the baby off the cervix and should reduce your desire to push. If you simply have to push - go for it! There isn't any research to say that if you really feel you have to push, you shouldn't do so.

What if I have an epidural?
You'll have to stay in bed if the epidural has made you completely numb from the waist downwards. If you have some sensation left and can still move around a little, try sitting in a chair with your knees wide apart and leaning forward with every contraction. If you have to stay in bed, make sure that you have sufficient pillows in the small of your back to push you over onto your side. When you're ready to push, stay on your left side and ask your partner to hold your top leg up with each contraction. Avoid lying flat on your back - in this position, your baby's oxygen supply is reduced.

Birth Positions

We are going to cover some of the birth positions you might want to try during labor. One of the most common positions is the semi-sitting position. If you are giving birth at a hospital this may be the only position that will be suggested to you; however, there are many different positions you can try. Be sure to let your doctor or hospital staff know if you would like to try your own birth positions.

Here are some common birth positions.

• Semi-sitting: The semi-sitting position is a comfortable position for mom. There is some use of gravity with this position. It is a convenient position for hospital staff and can be used in a hospital bed. This is also a good position for moms that have an epidural.
  Lithotomy position: This position, not as popular as it used to be, has mom lying on her back with her buttocks close to the edge of the bed and her legs in stirrups.
  


• The lithotomy position used to be the standard position for childbirth and in some hospitals it still is. However, this is not the best position for giving birth. Mom is working against gravity. Tearing is more common, as well as the need for episiotomies. Also with mom lying on her back all of the major blood vessels are compressed. As you know from earlier in your pregnancy, lying on your back for too long can decrease circulation to your heart and baby.
  


• Standing or leaning: Standing or leaning position uses gravity to help baby descend in the birth canal. Using this position along with walking may help speed up labor. Leaning against something may make this position more comfortable. You can also have your partner massage your back using this position which may help ease some of the pain or comfort you during contractions. This position may be more challenging for hospital staff. Because you are standing, it is difficult to check your progress or to see baby’s head crowning, for example. If you are giving birth at a hospital, your doctor or midwife may prefer this position for labor but not for actual birth.
  


• Sitting or sitting backwards in a chair: Sitting, sitting backwards, or sitting on the toilet can be good positions to use during labor. The sitting position works with gravity and is comfortable for mom. Sitting on the toilet is also good. Sitting on the toilet is familiar to mom and may feel more natural to mom. Mom can also use a birth ball in this position and her partner can massage her back to help comfort her while she is sitting.
  


• Squatting: Squatting also uses gravity. Squatting is a natural position and it helps to open your pelvis as you squat. With your pelvis more open, it may be easier to push baby out. Squatting requires some balance and may be easier to do with support. If you get tired using this position you can rotate to the leaning/standing position to rest.
  


• Kneeling on all fours: This position is comfortable for mom. This position is good for back labor as it takes pressure off of your back. You may also be moved to this position if your baby has bradycardia (low heart rate) because this position increases placental and umbilical blood flow. This is also a good position for delivering a big baby

WATER BIRTH

Water has long been used by women to ease the discomforts of labor. Whether standing in a shower, sitting in your own bathtub at home, or fully reclining in an large tub built just for laboring, many women find instant relief of their labor discomfort from the use of water. Their relaxed bodies release fewer stress hormones and their labors proceed more quickly and easily, with less discomfort. No wonder that the idea of water immersion is so appealing to many women. To clients who wish to take advantage of this option for their birth, the one obvious need is the tub. If the client has a deep tub, such as a Jacuzzi, in her home, this is an ideal option for her. Use of a standard bathtub or shower may be sufficient, but most women find that the greatest degree of relaxation is achieved if the belly can be submerged as fully as possible. For clients who want to have the deeperwater available but do not have a built-in Jacuzzi-type tub, I will assist them infinding a tub to rent or purchase. There are now several low cost tubs available, costing only $40. You may enter the tub at any time during active labor, although waiting until you are dilated to about 4 cms is recommended. Often, the relaxation afforded by the warm water will allow you to dilate more quickly and easily, resulting in a shorter, more comfortable labor.

Water birth benefits

• Warm water is relaxing.
• Tensing up during contractions can make the contractions more painful.
• Water helps mom to relax making contractions more bearable.
• Warm water softens the vaginal area, helping it to be more elastic and stretch easier.
• This may help to prevent tearing of the perineum and also may help mom to push more effectively.
• You are more buoyant in the water making it easier to change positions during labor.
  
  

• Giving birth in the water gives mom a little more privacy. Because you are in the tub, there won’t be nurses and medical staff peering directly at your intimate anatomy the entire time you are trying to give birth.
  
• Baby is surrounded by water inside the womb your entire pregnancy. Giving birth in the water may provide baby with a more gentle transition into the world. Water birth risks
  Even though water births are becoming more common, the ACOG does not feel there is enough information on water birth to call the practice safe. Talk with your physician about any of your questions or concerns regarding water birth.
  
  Water birth risks


• Even though water births are becoming more common, the ACOG does not feel there is enough information on water birth to call the practice safe. Talk with your physician about any of your questions or concerns regarding water birth.

CONSIDERATIONS FOR TUB USE & PLACEMENT:

• Location of electrical outlets
• Size and temperature-setting of hot water heater
• Sturdiness of flooring where tub will be placed
• Availability of ample bath towels
• Ability to protect flooring under tub
• Easy access to out-of-tub birthing/recovery area (bed, mattress onfloor, etc)
• Proximity to bathroom (true for all births!)

Laboring in the water is almost always possible and usually very helpful. If, as partof a homebirth plan, it is also your intention to give birth in the water, I amcomfortable with this as a goal and willing to do my best to help you achieve it.However, like anything else in a birth plan, this needs to be flexible; if events occurduring your labor that contraindicate water birthing, you must be willing to follow thecourse of action that is best for you and your baby, even if this means birthingoutside the tub. -->

EXERCISING DURING PREGNANCY

Although you may not feel like running a marathon, most women benefit greatly from exercising throughout their pregnancies. But during that time, you'll need to discuss your exercise plans with your doctor or other health care provider early on and make a few adjustments to your normal exercise routine. The level of exercise recommended will depend, in part, on your level of pre-pregnancy fitness.
Benefits of Exercising During Pregnancy
No doubt about it, exercise is a big plus for both you and your baby (if complications don't limit your ability to exercise throughout your pregnancy). It can help you:
feel better. At a time when you wonder if this strange body can possibly be yours, exercise can increase your sense of control and boost your energy level. Not only does it make you feel better by releasing endorphins (naturally occurring chemicals in your brain), appropriate exercise can:
relieve backaches and improve your posture by strengthening and toning muscles in your back, butt, and thighs
reduce constipation by accelerating movement in your intestine
prevent wear and tear on your joints (which become loosened during pregnancy due to normal hormonal changes) by activating the lubricating fluid in your joints
help you sleep better by relieving the stress and anxiety that might make you restless at night
look better. Exercise increases the blood flow to your skin, giving you a healthy glow.
prepare you and your body for birth. Strong muscles and a fit heart can greatly ease labor and delivery. Gaining control over your breathing can help you manage pain. And in the event of a lengthy labor, increased endurance can be a real help.
regain your pre-pregnancy body more quickly. You'll gain less fat weight during your pregnancy if you continue to exercise (assuming you exercised before becoming pregnant). But don't expect or try to lose weight by exercising while you're pregnant. For most women, the goal is to maintain their fitness level throughout pregnancy.
What's a Safe Exercise Plan During Pregnancy?
It depends on when you start and whether your pregnancy is complicated. If you exercised regularly before becoming pregnant, continue your program, with modifications as you need them. If you weren't fit before you became pregnant, don't give up! Begin slowly and build gradually as you become stronger. Whatever your fitness level, you should talk to your doctor about exercising while you're pregnant.
Discuss any concerns you have with your doctor. You may need to limit your exercise if you have:
pregnancy-induced high blood pressure
early contractions
vaginal bleeding
premature rupture of your membranes, also known as your water (the fluid in the amniotic sac around the fetus) breaking early
Exercises to Try
That depends on what interests you and what your doctor advises. Many women enjoy dancing, swimming, water aerobics, yoga, Pilates, biking, or walking. Swimming is especially appealing, as it gives you welcome buoyancy (floatability or the feeling of weightlessness). Try for a combination of cardio (aerobic), strength, and flexibility exercises, and avoid bouncing.
Many experts recommend walking. It's easy to vary the pace, add hills, and add distance. If you're just starting, begin with a moderately brisk pace for a mile, 3 days a week. Add a couple of minutes every week, pick up the pace a bit, and eventually add hills to your route. Whether you're a pro or a novice, go slowly for the first 5 minutes to warm up and use the last 5 minutes to cool down.
If you were a runner before you were pregnant, in many cases, you can continue running during your pregnancy, although you may have to modify your routine.
Whatever type of exercise you and your doctor decide on, the key is to listen to your body's warnings. Many women, for example, become dizzy early in their pregnancy, and as the baby grows, their center of gravity changes. So it may be easy for you to lose your balance, especially in the last trimester.
Your energy level may also vary greatly from day to day. And as your baby grows and pushes up on your lungs, you'll notice a decreased ability to breathe in more air (and the oxygen it contains) when you exercise. If your body says, "Stop!" — stop!
Your body is signaling that it's had enough if you feel:
fatigue
dizziness
heart palpitations (your heart pounding in your chest)
shortness of breath
pain in your back or pelvis
And if you can't talk while you're exercising, you're doing it too strenuously.
It also isn't good for your baby if you become overheated because temperatures greater than 102.6° Fahrenheit (39° Celsius) could cause problems with the developing fetus — especially in the first trimester — which can potentially lead to birth defects. So don't overdo exercise on hot days.
When the weather is hot, try to avoid exercising outside during the hottest part of the day (from about 10 AM to 3 PM) or exercise in an air-conditioned place. Also remember that swimming makes it more difficult for you to notice your body heating up because the water makes you feel cooler.
Exercises to Avoid
Most doctors recommend that pregnant women avoid exercises after the first trimester that require them to lie flat on their backs.
Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, it's also wise to avoid any activities that include:
bouncing
jarring (anything that would cause a lot of up and down movement)
leaping
a sudden change of direction
a risk of abdominal injury
Typical limitations include contact sports, downhill skiing, scuba diving, and horseback riding because of the risk of injury they pose.
Although some doctors say step aerobics workouts are acceptable if you can lower the height of your step as your pregnancy progresses, others caution that a changing center of gravity makes falls much more likely. If you do choose to do aerobics, just make sure to avoid becoming extremely winded or exercising to the point of exhaustion.
And check with your doctor if you experience any of these warning signs during any type of exercise:
vaginal bleeding
unusual pain
dizziness or lightheadedness
unusual shortness of breath
racing heartbeat or chest pain
fluid leaking from your vagina
uterine contractions
Kegel Exercises
Although the effects of Kegel exercises can't be seen from the outside, some women use them to reduce incontinence (the leakage of urine) caused by the weight of the baby on their bladder. Kegels help to strengthen the "pelvic floor muscles" (the muscles that aid in controlling urination).
Kegels are easy, and you can do them any time you have a few seconds — sitting in your car, at your desk, or standing in line at the store. No one will even know you're doing them!
To find the correct muscles, pretend you're trying to stop urinating. Squeeze those muscles for a few seconds, then relax. You're using the correct muscles if you feel a pull. Or place a finger inside your vagina and feel it tighten when you squeeze. Your doctor can also help you identify the correct muscles.
A few things to keep in mind when you're doing Kegel exercises:
Don't tighten other muscles (stomach or legs, for example) at the same time. You want to focus on the muscles you're exercising.
Don't hold your breath while you do them because it's important that your body and muscles continue to receive oxygen while you do any type of exercise.
Don't regularly do Kegels by stopping and starting your flow of urine while you're actually going to the bathroom, as this can lead to incomplete emptying of your bladder, which increases the risk of urinary tract infections.
Getting Started
Always talk to your doctor before beginning any exercise program. Once you're ready to get going:
Start gradually. Even 5 minutes a day is a good start if you've been inactive. Add 5 minutes each week until you reach 30 minutes.
Dress comfortably in loose-fitting clothes and wear a supportive bra to protect your breasts.
Drink plenty of water to avoid overheating and dehydration.
Skip your exercises if you're sick.
Opt for a walk in an air-conditioned mall on hot, humid days.
Above all, listen to your body.
Reviewed by: Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph, MDDate reviewed: October 2007